TABLE 7. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 1/ 2022 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ SPRING LEAF SUMMER BROWN PATCH WEAR TOLERANCE QUALITY RATINGS NAME GREENUP TEXTURE DENSITY WILTING JULY AUGUST APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN 5LSS 5.7 7.3 6.7 7.0 4.7 8.3 7.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 6.9 K18-NSE 6.7 7.3 6.3 5.0 5.7 7.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 6.7 RAPTOR LS (PPG-TF 336) 5.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.3 7.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7 DYNAMITE G-LS (PPG-TF 254) 5.0 6.7 6.3 6.0 4.0 7.7 7.3 6.0 6.7 5.7 6.3 7.3 7.0 6.6 FIRECRACKER G-LS (PPG-TF 315) 4.7 7.0 6.3 6.7 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 6.7 4.7 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.5 ROVER (PPG-TF 306) 5.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 7.0 7.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.5 BONFIRE (JS DTT) 4.3 6.3 6.3 7.0 5.0 8.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.4 BULLSEYE LTZ 5.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 5.0 7.0 6.3 7.3 7.0 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.4 ESSENTIAL 2 (DLFPS-TF/3552) 5.3 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.3 7.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.4 PPG-TF 316 4.3 6.7 7.0 6.7 4.3 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 6.4 PPG-TF 337 5.0 6.3 7.0 5.0 4.3 6.7 7.0 6.3 7.0 5.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.4 RHL2 5.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 6.3 8.3 7.0 5.7 6.3 5.3 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.4 BLADERUNNER 3 (DLFPS-321/3701) 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.7 4.3 7.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.3 CAPITAN (DLFPS-321/3705) 4.7 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 7.7 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 DEGAS (LTP-TF-111) 5.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 7.7 8.7 6.0 5.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 VALSETZ (PPG-TF 257) 5.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.0 8.0 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 5.7 6.3 PPG-TF 267 4.0 7.0 6.7 6.0 4.3 5.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 5.0 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 PPG-TF 312 6.3 6.3 6.7 7.0 5.3 8.0 6.7 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 RDC 4.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 4.7 8.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 5.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 DRAGSTER 4.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 7.7 6.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.2 PPG-TF 231 5.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 7.0 6.2 PPG-TF 262 5.3 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 7.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.7 6.7 6.2 SPYDER 2LS (ZRC1) 5.0 6.7 6.0 7.0 5.0 7.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.2 TITAN GLX (TF445) 4.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.7 6.3 5.0 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.2 XANADU (JT 268) 4.3 7.0 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.0 6.7 6.3 7.0 6.2 ZION (BAR TF 134) 5.0 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.0 8.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.2 DLFPS-TF/3553 4.3 7.3 6.7 5.7 5.7 8.0 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.0 6.1 BATTLE HAWK (NAI-ROS4) 5.7 6.0 6.0 7.3 6.3 8.3 6.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.7 6.1 PPG-TF 249 4.7 6.7 6.0 6.7 4.0 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.3 5.0 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.1 RHF 5.7 6.3 7.0 6.3 6.3 7.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.7 7.0 6.7 6.1 TD2 4.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 4.0 7.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.0 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.1 AVENGER III (PPG-TF 308) 5.7 6.3 5.7 6.7 5.7 6.7 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.0 6.3 6.0 6.7 6.0 DAYBREAK (AH2) 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 DLFPS-321/3706 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.0 DLFPS-321/3707 5.3 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.0 ESTRENA 6.3 6.7 5.7 5.7 3.7 7.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.0 6.3 6.0 7.0 6.0 FIREHAWK SLT 5.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 4.0 7.7 6.3 6.0 6.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 K18-RS6 5.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.7 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.0 6.3 6.7 6.0 6.0 NT-3 4.0 6.0 6.3 6.7 5.7 7.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 PPG-TF 318 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 3.7 6.0 6.7 6.3 6.3 4.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 TEACHER (PPG-TF 313) 5.7 7.0 6.0 6.7 6.7 7.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.0 TITAN MAX (TF456) 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.7 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 DLFPS-321/3693 5.3 6.7 6.3 6.7 6.0 8.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.9 FINELAWN SUPREME (RH3) 6.3 6.7 6.3 7.0 8.7 7.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.9 HOUNDOG NINE (DLFPS-321/3702) 4.3 6.3 5.7 6.7 5.3 6.7 6.3 5.0 5.7 5.0 6.3 6.0 6.7 5.9 TABLE 7. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS (CONT'D) IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 1/ 2022 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ SPRING LEAF SUMMER BROWN PATCH WEAR TOLERANCE QUALITY RATINGS NAME GREENUP TEXTURE DENSITY WILTING JULY AUGUST APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN KIZZLE (K18-ROE) 5.3 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 PST-5GQ 5.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 3.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.3 4.7 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.9 RACEWAY (DLFPS-321/3696) 4.0 6.0 5.3 6.0 5.0 6.0 7.3 6.0 6.0 3.3 6.0 6.0 6.3 5.9 RC4 4.7 5.3 5.7 7.3 5.0 8.3 6.0 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.9 STEALTH (PPG-TF 238) 5.0 6.0 5.7 7.3 6.0 8.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.0 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.9 SYMPHONY (PPG-TF 305) 4.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 4.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.3 4.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 TALLADEGA II (NAI-3N2) 5.3 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 5.7 5.3 5.7 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.9 COL-TF-148 5.7 5.7 6.0 5.7 7.3 7.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.0 6.3 5.7 5.8 DLFPS-321/3695 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 7.3 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.8 DLFPS-321/3708 5.3 6.7 5.3 5.3 4.3 7.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.8 K18-WB1 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 7.0 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.8 LIFEGUARD 5.0 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.3 7.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 5.8 PARAMOUNT 5.0 7.0 5.3 6.3 8.3 8.0 6.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 6.3 6.0 5.8 SERENADE (PPG-TF 320) 4.0 6.3 5.7 7.0 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.7 4.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.8 SR 8700 (TMT1) 4.7 6.3 5.3 6.0 4.3 7.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.7 5.3 6.7 5.7 5.8 ENDGAME (3N1) 4.7 6.3 5.3 6.0 5.3 7.0 6.3 5.7 6.0 4.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 FIRENZA II (PPG-TF 244) 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.7 5.3 6.3 6.7 5.3 6.0 4.0 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 GALLARDO (DLFPS-TF/3550) 4.3 6.0 5.3 6.0 5.3 9.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 GLX ACED (PST-5DART) 5.0 5.7 6.7 6.3 5.0 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 4.7 5.3 6.3 6.3 5.7 NAI-ST5 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.0 7.3 6.3 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.3 6.0 6.7 5.7 OKEEFE (LTP-TF-122) 5.7 5.7 5.7 6.7 6.0 6.3 6.3 5.7 6.0 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.7 ORIOLE (PST-5BYOB) 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.0 7.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 4.3 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.7 PRO GOLD 5.3 6.3 4.7 6.7 5.3 6.7 6.7 5.3 6.0 4.7 5.3 5.7 6.3 5.7 EXTRAVAGANZA (PST-5MCMO) 5.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 3.7 5.7 6.3 6.0 6.0 4.3 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 RS1 4.7 6.0 5.7 6.3 5.7 7.3 5.7 5.7 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.7 TANK (PPG-TF 338) 4.3 7.0 6.3 6.7 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.7 5.0 5.3 6.0 6.3 6.3 5.7 BENTLEY (DLFPS-321/3679) 5.3 6.3 5.0 5.7 4.3 7.0 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.7 6.3 6.0 5.6 DLFPS-321/3694 5.3 6.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 7.0 7.0 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.3 6.7 5.7 5.6 JT 233 4.3 5.7 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.0 4.3 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.6 PADRE 2 5.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 5.0 7.3 6.0 5.7 5.7 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.6 TITANIUM G-LS (PPG-TF 255) 5.0 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.7 7.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.6 3B2 5.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 5.0 6.7 6.0 5.3 5.7 4.3 5.0 6.0 6.3 5.5 CLASH (AH1) 5.0 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.3 7.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 FASTLANE (BY-TF-169) 5.3 6.3 6.0 6.3 5.0 7.3 6.0 5.0 5.3 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.3 5.5 GALACTIC (SESCR1) 5.0 6.3 5.7 6.3 6.3 8.0 6.0 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.5 GRANDE 3 5.3 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 7.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.3 5.7 6.0 6.3 5.5 PST-5THM 4.7 5.3 5.3 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.7 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.5 ROWDIER (DLFPS-321/3699) 4.3 5.7 5.0 7.0 5.3 7.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.5 TRIAD (PPG-TF 323) 4.0 6.7 6.0 6.0 6.3 8.3 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.5 MOONDANCE GLX 5.0 6.0 5.7 6.7 5.7 7.0 6.0 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.0 6.0 5.4 PST-5TRN 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.0 5.3 6.0 6.3 5.4 RAD-TF105 3.7 5.7 5.7 6.0 4.3 6.7 6.0 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.4 RAPTOR III 4.7 6.3 5.7 6.0 5.3 8.0 6.0 5.3 5.0 4.7 5.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 BANDIT 3.7 5.3 4.7 5.7 4.7 5.3 6.0 5.0 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 COPIOUS TF 4.0 5.7 5.3 5.0 2.7 6.7 6.3 5.3 5.7 4.0 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.3 TABLE 7. MEAN TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS OF TALL FESCUE CULTIVARS (CONT'D) IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST AT WEST LAFAYETTE, IN 1/ 2022 DATA TURFGRASS QUALITY AND OTHER RATINGS 1-9; 9=BEST 2/ SPRING LEAF SUMMER BROWN PATCH WEAR TOLERANCE QUALITY RATINGS NAME GREENUP TEXTURE DENSITY WILTING JULY AUGUST APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT MEAN DLFPS-321/3703 4.0 5.7 4.7 5.3 5.3 8.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.3 5.3 5.3 6.0 5.3 FAYETTE 5.3 5.7 5.3 6.0 5.7 7.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 4.3 4.7 5.7 5.7 5.3 GRO-PRO (SE53D2) 4.0 5.7 4.7 6.7 5.0 6.7 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.3 HELLCAT GLR (PST-5E6) 4.3 5.7 5.0 6.0 5.0 6.7 5.7 5.3 5.7 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 JT 517 3.7 5.3 4.3 6.0 4.0 5.7 6.0 5.3 5.3 4.3 5.0 5.3 6.0 5.3 LBF 3.7 5.0 4.7 6.7 5.0 6.0 6.0 5.3 5.7 4.0 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 MONUMENT (PST-5SQB) 5.0 5.3 5.3 6.3 5.0 7.3 6.0 5.7 5.3 4.3 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.3 PST-5DC24 3.3 5.7 5.3 6.3 4.7 6.3 5.7 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.3 GLX REVIVE (PST-5GLBS) 5.3 5.0 5.0 6.7 5.3 6.3 5.7 5.0 5.7 4.0 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.3 PST-5MINK 4.3 5.7 5.7 5.7 4.3 7.0 6.0 5.3 6.0 4.0 5.0 5.7 5.0 5.3 TOPSHELF (BGR-TF3) 4.7 6.3 5.3 6.0 4.7 6.7 6.0 5.0 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.7 5.7 5.3 ATF1768 3.7 6.3 6.3 6.3 4.3 7.7 6.0 5.7 5.3 3.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 LAFAYETTE (GO-AOMK) 3.0 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.3 4.0 5.0 5.7 6.0 5.2 PROVIDENCE (GO-RH20) 4.0 5.7 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.7 5.0 5.3 4.3 4.7 5.3 6.0 6.0 5.2 PST-5DZM 4.3 5.0 5.3 6.0 4.3 6.7 5.3 5.3 5.3 4.3 5.3 5.0 5.7 5.2 FALCON SUPREME (RH1) 5.7 6.0 6.0 5.7 6.7 6.7 5.3 5.0 5.3 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.7 5.2 SE5STAR 4.3 5.7 5.0 6.3 5.3 6.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.7 6.0 5.7 5.2 A-TF31 3.7 6.3 4.7 5.3 3.3 5.3 6.0 5.0 5.3 3.7 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.1 AST8218LM 3.7 5.0 5.3 5.3 3.7 7.0 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 SETFM2 3.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 4.7 6.3 5.7 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 TOUGH (NAI-TUE) 4.0 5.0 4.7 6.3 6.3 7.3 5.7 4.7 5.0 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 ATF2116 3.3 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 7.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 3.7 5.3 6.0 4.7 5.0 SETFM3 4.0 5.7 4.7 7.0 4.7 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.3 3.7 4.7 5.0 5.7 5.0 BRAVO 2 3.3 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.3 7.0 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.3 4.9 GRAND PRIX (FC15-01P) 4.7 5.7 4.3 6.0 3.3 6.0 5.0 4.7 4.7 3.7 5.3 4.7 6.0 4.9 HEMI 4.7 5.0 4.0 6.7 5.0 6.7 5.7 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.9 FAIRFIELD (SETF104) 4.3 5.3 4.3 6.0 5.7 6.0 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.0 5.0 5.3 5.7 4.8 AST8118LM 3.0 4.7 4.3 6.7 4.0 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.0 3.7 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.7 BULLSEYE 5.7 5.0 5.0 6.3 5.3 7.3 5.3 4.7 4.7 3.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.7 TANGO 4.0 4.7 4.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 5.0 4.7 4.3 3.3 4.7 5.0 5.7 4.7 OG-WALK 4.3 4.7 4.0 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.0 4.3 5.0 3.7 4.3 4.7 5.3 4.6 BAR 9FE MAS 4.0 5.3 4.7 5.7 6.7 6.7 4.3 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.0 5.0 6.0 4.5 BIRMINGHAM 4.0 5.0 4.7 5.7 4.0 5.3 4.7 4.7 5.3 3.7 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.5 NAI-FQZ-17 3.3 5.0 4.0 5.7 4.0 6.0 5.0 4.7 4.7 3.3 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.5 PALOMAR 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 4.7 5.3 3.3 4.3 4.7 4.3 4.5 ESCALADE 5.0 4.3 4.0 6.7 4.7 5.7 5.3 4.3 4.7 3.0 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.4 NATURALLY GREEN 4.0 4.7 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.7 4.7 4.7 4.3 3.3 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.4 RAD-TF115 (TURBO SS) 3.7 4.7 4.3 6.3 5.0 6.0 4.7 4.3 4.3 3.7 4.0 4.7 5.0 4.4 BAR-FA8230 4.3 4.3 4.0 6.3 6.0 8.0 5.0 4.0 4.7 3.3 4.0 4.3 5.0 4.3 RAD-TF131 3.0 4.3 4.3 6.0 5.0 5.3 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.3 4.3 4.3 5.3 4.3 BAR FA 8228 3.7 4.3 4.3 6.0 4.7 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.7 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.2 KENTUCKY-31 7.3 3.0 3.0 6.0 7.7 8.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 LSD VALUE 1.2 0.9 1.5 3.4 3.3 2.6 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.7 C.V. (%) 15.4 9.7 15.2 13.8 26.3 16.4 11.0 11.4 14.6 16.6 12.3 11.8 11.7 8.2 1/ TO DETERMINE STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES AMONG ENTRIES, SUBTRACT ONE ENTRY'S MEAN FROM ANOTHER ENTRY'S MEAN. STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES OCCUR WHEN THIS VALUE IS LARGER THAN THE CORRESPONDING LSD VALUE (LSD 0.05). 2/ C.V. (COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION) INDICATES THE PERCENT VARIATION OF THE MEAN IN EACH COLUMN. TABLE A. 2022 LOCATIONS, SITE DESCRIPTIONS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE 2018 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST SOIL SOIL SUN MOWING SOIL SOIL PHOSPHOROUS POTASSIUM NITROGEN OR HEIGHT IRRIGATION LOCATION TEXTURE PH (LBS/ACRE) (LBS/ACRE) (LBS/1000 SQ FT) SHADE (IN) PRACTICED IN1 SILT LOAM AND SILT 7.1-7.5 61-150 151-240 2.1-3.0 FULL SUN 4.1+ NO IRRIGATION